Welcome to the new AACRAO website. While the site is live, development is ongoing, visitors can expect updates and new features in the weeks ahead.

You must be logged in to view this content. Please login or learn more about joining AACRAO. If you have any questions or experience any issues logging in, please reach out to us atmembership@aacrao.org.

Log In Join

The graduate enrollment management (GEM) landscape is rapidly changing as faculty and administrators recognize biases that may affect the graduate admissions process. At the same time, there is growing recognition and increased effort to advance inclusive excellence in higher education. Much of this work has been done at the undergraduate level and is only now beginning to reach graduate programs. The purpose of this article is to (i) discuss evidence for the need for change in the graduate admissions process, (ii) describe the development of a portfolio review protocol for graduate admissions in programs at a research university, and (iii) highlight a pilot program in which programs developed portfolio review processes and made admissions decisions using these protocols.

mathur--lg

Ambika Mathur is Associate Provost, Office of Scientific Training, Workforce Development and Diversity; Dean, Graduate School; and Professor of Pediatrics. She served as Associate Dean, first Director of the Wayne State University M.D./Ph.D. program, first Director of the Office of Postdoctoral Affairs, founding Director of Wayne Med Direct program, and is PI of both the NIH-funded WSU-BEST Program and the NIH-funded ReBUILDetroit Program that support the development of underrepresented students who seek to pursue careers in biomedical research.

bio-headshot-cano@3x

Annmarie Cano is Associate Provost for Faculty Development and Faculty Success and Professor of Psychology at Wayne State University. She leads professional and leadership development, mentoring, and recognition programs for faculty and academic staff. In her previous role as Associate Dean in the Graduate School, she provided oversight of graduate enrollment management and stragegies to improve equity, diversity, and inclusion in the graduate student body. She is the Wayne State co-PI of the NSF-funded Michigan Alliance for Graduate Education and the Professoriate, an NSF program aimed at diversifying the professoriate. She earned her bachelor’s degree in psychology from Princeton University and her master’s and doctoral degrees in clinical psychology from Stony Brook University.

dickson--lg

Marcus Dickson is Professor of Industrial/Organizational Psychology at Wayne State University, where he directs the doctoral and terminal master’s degree programs and the applied research and consulting training program. He received his bachelor’s degree in psychology from West Virginia Wesleyan College and his master’s and doctoral degrees in industrial/organizational psychology from the University of Maryland. His work focuses on leadership across cultures as well as reducing adverse impact in personnel selection.

matherly--lg

Larry H. Matherly is the Division Chief for Basic Science and Director of the Cancer Biology Graduate Program in the Department of Oncology at Wayne State University. He also serves as the Associate Center Director of Basic Science at the Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute. As Director of the Ph.D. Program in Cancer Biology, he oversees all aspects of the training program including recruiting, curriculum, and career development. Since 2006, he has served as PI on a T32 training grant in cancer biology from NIH that supports six Ph.D. students and is currently in its 31st year.

maun--lg

Caroline Maun is Associate Professor and Interim Chair of the Department of English at Wayne State University. As Graduate Director, she instituted practices and policies to enhance inclusive excellence such as portfolio review of Ph.D. applicants, enhancing alumni networks to recruit underrepresented students, and individualized recruiting visits for applicants. She earned a B.A. in English from Eckerd College, an M.A. in English from North Carolina State University, and a Ph.D. in English from the University of Tennessee at Knoxville.

neale--lg

Anne Victoria Neale is Professor and Vice Chair of Public Health Sciences in the Wayne State University Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, where she is also the Chair of the MPH Admissions Committee. She is the Deputy Editor of the Journal of the American Board of Family Medicine. Neale received AHRQ-funded awards to build the evidence base of primary care and support collaborations among practice-based research networks. She earned a Ph.D. in social psychology from Wayne State University and an M.P.H. from the University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston.

AAMC. See American Association of Medical Colleges.

American Association of Medical Colleges. n.d. What You Don’t Know: The Science of Unconscious Bias and What to Do About It in the Search and Recruitment Process. Washington, D.C.: Author.

American Association of Medical Colleges. 2010. Roadmap to Diversity: Integrating Holistic Review Practices Into Medical School Admission Processes. Washington, D.C.: Author.

Cano, A., L. H. Wurm, J. Nava, F. McIntee, and A. Mathur. (in press). Applicant and faculty characteristics in the doctoral admissions process: An experimental vignette study. Strategic Enrollment Management Quarterly.

Connor, C. S., J. LaFave, and A. Balayan. 2015. Integrated Interdependence: The Emergence of Graduate Enrollment Management. Lenexa, KS: NAGAP, The Association for Graduate Enrollment Management.

Croizet, J-C. 2008. The pernicious relationship between merit assessment and discrimination in education. In Decade of Behavior. Commemorating Brown: The Social Psychology of Racism and Discrimination edited by G. Adams, M. Biernat, N. R. Branscombe, C. S. Crandall, and L. S. Wrightsman. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association.

Dolence, M. G. 1997. Strategic Enrollment Management: A Primer for Campus Administrators, 2nd Edition. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.

Educational Testing Service. 2015a. GRE Guide to Use of Scores 2015–2016. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. 2015b. Avoid These Five Common Mistakes When Using GRE® Scores. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. 2016a. GRE Guide to Use of Scores 2016–2017. Princeton, NJ: Author.

Educational Testing Service. 2016b. A snapshot of the individuals who took the GRE General Test: July 2013–June 2016. Princeton, NJ: Author.

ETS. See Educational Testing Service.

Fisher v. University of Texas, 570 U.S. 297. 2013.

Fisher v. University of Texas, 579 U.S. 2016.

Goldstein, H. W., S. Zedeck, and I. L. Goldstein. 2011. Is this your final answer? Human Performance. 15: 123–142.

Grutter v. Bollinger, 539 U.S. 306. 2003.

Hong, L., and S. E. Page. 2004. Groups of diverse problem solvers can outperform groups of high-ability problem solvers. PNAS. 101: 16385–16389.

Huffcutt, A. I., J. M. Conway, P. L. Roth, and N. J. Stone. 2001. Identification and meta-analytic assessment of psychological constructs measured in employment interviews. Journal of Applied Psychology. 86(5): 897–913.

Hurtado, S. 2001. Linking diversity and educational purpose: How diversity affects the classroom environment and student development. In Diversity Challenged: Evidence on the Impact of Affirmative Action, edited by G. Orfield. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Educational Group.

Hurtado, S., and L. DeAngelo. 2012. Linking diversity and civic-minded practices with student outcomes. Liberal Education. Spring: 14–23.

Kent, J. D., and M. T. McCarthy. 2016. Holistic Review in Graduate Admissions: A Report From the Council of Graduate Schools. Washington, D.C.: Council of Graduate Schools.

Mathur, A., Cano, A., Kohl, M., Muthunayake, N., Vaidyanathan, P., Wood, M., and Ziyad, M. 2018. Visualization of gender, race, citizenship and academic performance in association with career outcomes of 15-year biomedical doctoral alumni at a public research university. PLoS One. 13(5): e0197473.

McDaniel, M. A., D. L. Whetzel, F. L. Schmidt, and S. D. Maurer. 1994. The validity of employment interviews: A comprehensive review and meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology. 79(4): 599–616.

McKay, P. F., and J. Davis. 2008. Traditional selection methods as resistance to diversity in organizations. In Diversity Resistance in Organizations, edited by K. M. Thomas. New York: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Miller, C., and K. Stassun. 2014. A test that fails. Nature. 510: 303–304.

Morris, E. A., P. R. Brooks, and J. L. May. 2003. The relationship between achievement goal and coping style: Traditional vs. nontraditional college students. College Student Journal. 37: 3–8.

NAGAP, The Association for Graduate Enrollment Management. 2017. Graduate Enrollment Management (GEM) Resources.

Posselt, J. R. 2014. Toward inclusive excellence in graduate education: Constructing merit and diversity in Ph.D. admissions. American Journal of Education, 120: 481–514.

Posselt, J. R. 2016. Inside Graduate Admissions: Merit, Diversity, and Faculty Gatekeeping. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Pulakos, E. D., and N. Schmitt. 1996. An evaluation of two strategies for reducing adverse impact and their effects on criterion-related validity. Human Performance. 9: 241–258.

Sedlacek, W. E. 2017. Measuring Noncognitive Variables: Improving Admissions, Success, and Retention for Underrepresented Students. Herndon, VA: Stylus Publishing.

Sigler, W. 2017. SEM Core Concepts: Building Blocks for Institutional and Student Success. Washington, D.C.: American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers.

Smith, D. G., and G. Garrison. 2005. The impending loss of talent: An exploratory study challenging assumptions about testing and merit. Teachers College Record. 107: 629–653.

Valantine, H. A., and F. S. Collins. 2015. National Institutes of Health addresses the science of diversity. PNAS. 112: 12240–12242.

Warden, D. N., and C. A. Myers. 2017. Nonintellectual variables and nontraditional college students: a domain-based investigation of academic achievement. College Student Journal. 51: 380–390.

Williams, D. A., Berger, J. B., and McClendon, S. A. 2005. Toward a Model of Inclusive Excellence and Change in Post-Secondary Institutions. Association of American Colleges and Universities: Washington, D.C.

Related Posts